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This study addresses the problem of optimal sample allocation in multivariate stratified sampling, where survey accuracy and cost-efficiency are the key concerns. Two optimization formulations are examined: one aims to minimize the total survey cost subject to constraints on the precision of the estimators of the population totals, while the other seeks to minimize a weighted sum of the relative variances of these estimators, given a fixed total survey budget. Classical and modern optimization approaches are reviewed and evaluated, including Integer Programming Algorithms (IPA), Bethel’s Algorithm (BA), Constrained Optimization by Linear Approximations (COBYLA), and three stochastics, namely Generalized Simulated Annealing Algorithm (GSAA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSOA) and Biased Random-Key Genetic Algorithm (BRKGA). Using synthetic and real-world populations, numerical experiments demonstrate that IPA consistently achieves the global minimum and serves as the benchmark. While BA underperforms, BRKGA emerges as a competitive alternative, closely matching IPA in most scenarios. Results also highlight the impact of variable skewness on allocation efficiency, with real-world datasets being more complex and thus having higher sampling demands. The findings underscore the importance of adaptive, integer- feasible optimization methods for accurate and cost-effective survey design.

Multi-criteria group decision-making has gained considerable attention due to its ability to aggregate diverse expert opinions and establish a preference order among alternatives. While probabilistic hesitant fuzzy (PHF) sets offer increased flexibility and generality for representing criteria values compared to traditional fuzzy and hesitant fuzzy set theories, existing aggregation techniques often fail to enhance consensus among biased expert judgments. Motivated by the need for more effective consensus-based decision-making, this paper proposes a new framework that integrates PHF set theory with Aczel-Alsina weighted averaging and geometric aggregation operators. These operators, known for their flexibility and the inclusion of an adjustable parameter, are particularly well-suited for addressing real-world decision-making challenges. The framework employs a cross-entropy based model to determine criteria weights and multi-objective optimization by ratio analysis plus the full multiplicative form (MULTIMOORA) method to establish priority orders of alternatives. The proposed framework is demonstrated through a case study on manufacturing outsourcing vendor selection. The results show that Bertrandt is the most suitable vendor, with a score of 0.2390, and resources consumption is identified as the most critical criterion, with a weight of 0.20. To validate the robustness of the proposed framework, sensitivity and comparison analyses have also been conducted.

Ontologies are used to semantically enrich different types of information systems (IS), ensure a reasoning on their content and integrate heterogeneous IS at the semantical level. On the other hand, fuzzy theory is employed in IS for handling the uncertainty and fuzziness of their attributes, resulting in a fully fuzzy IS. As such, ontology- and fuzzy-based IS (i.e. ontology and fuzzy IS) are being developed. So, in this paper, we present a bibliometric analysis of the ontology and fuzzy IS concept to grasp its main ideas, and to increase its body of knowledge by providing a concept map for ontology and fuzzy IS. The main results obtained show that by adding ontologies and fuzzy theory to traditional ISs, they evolve into intelligent ISs capable of managing fuzzy and semantically rich (ontological) information and ensuring knowledge recognition in various fields of application. This bibliometric analysis would enable practitioners and researchers gain a comprehensive understanding of the ontology and fuzzy IS concept that they can eventually adopt for development of intelligent IS in their work.

Since the start of the Industrial Revolution, the global climate has changed dramatically. Concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere have increased sharply, followed by an increase in global aver- age temperatures. However, business activities related to environmental protection are mostly focused on the implementation of legal rules instead of voluntary initiatives such as green innovation due to doubts about costs and profit. The goal of this research is to identify the impact of green innovation on economic growth in an innovative environment and digitalization conditions by using sophisticated indexes and regression analysis. The results show that green innovations have a positive impact on economic growth in the European Union (EU). However, the impact of digitalization on economic growth is still under discussion and depends on qualitative aspects of coverage and how they are reflected in digitalization indicators. It is important to emphasize that the data of this empirical study only cover EU countries that are subject to EU regulation and have similar trends in the development and diffusion of green innovations. Non-EU countries may have different approaches and policies influencing the maturity and diffusion of green innovations. The results of this research provide a scientific basis for strategic planning at the national and business levels, encouraging a focus on the development of green innovation not only as a means of reducing the impact of climate change but also as a strategic direction for increasing competitiveness and economic growth.

The article investigates the Baltic pre-service Technology teachers' expression of verbal creativity in their final years of study and analyzes the constituent dimension of sustainable textile consumption. The students' verbal creativity was examined using a verbal expression questionnaire compiled following the methodological recommendations of E. P. Torrance for diagnosing a person’s creativity. The development of sustainable textile consumption is part of the Technological education curriculum analyzing responsible consumption issues that are becoming more complex. In most cases, education directly depends on the educator's knowledge, skills, values, habits, experience, and communication. The present research disclosed students – pre service teachers understanding that handicrafts are not related to ethnicity, values, or a phenomenon, which calls for exceptional protection. The integral model of tasks on identification/development of verbal creativity expression and identification/development of sustainable textile consumption was presented in the article.

In this article, authors discuss new possibilities for the spatial design universal aesthetic development. Creative artistic means are conditioned by the human ability to comprehend and interpret objects in a particular context. Ideas of arts and science coexistence have been relevant since antiquity. The 20th century, especially the Bauhaus movement, gave a rational basis for conjoining artistic inspiration with the parametric constraints. Contemporary digital technologies provide new possibilities to enhance human creative potential by employing scientific methods. In search of material environment evaluation reference points, it is important to establish a robust connection of human mind and physical world. Subjectivity and intersubjectivity of experiences raise issues in human perception studies, involving both phenomenal and material processes. Embodied cognition reveals itself as an intuitive experience or discovery which provides a new perspective for the creative application. The authors aim to investigate the creative opportunities of automated shape generation systems. The main issue is to find a universal application of creative process analysis. Parametric constraints offer the opportunity to use statistical tools in art practice. These constraints are based on embodied cognition capabilities. Combined methods of qualitative and quantitative evaluation help to assess the contextual relevance of the object and to determine the cultural and pragmatic effectiveness of automated design solutions. The study offers theoretical and applied cross-disciplinary research direction to discover new creative means in material environment design, including architecture and urban planning.

Research background: In recent decades, scientists have focused on sustainable development goals. Cultural issues are evident in sustainable development, but the scientific inclusion of cultural aspects remains a challenge.purpose: The study aims to link cultural aspects and sustainability goals. Also, the purpose of this study, is to use the composite cultural index to include the latest research findings on this matter and extend them to cover the six cultural dimensions identified in the Hofstede cultural model. Yeganeh (2011) proposed a methodology for compiling a composite cultural index, but the author included only a few cultural dimensions. The authors of this article present an analysis of fifteen Sustainable Development Goals in the 27 countries of the European Union to rank countries according to the contribution of national culture to the Sustainable Development Goals.Research methodology: The methodology used an international expert survey on the dimensions of culture and the constructed correlation matrix.Results: The results show a correlation between the four goals of sustainable development, although the direction is different: one has a positive relationship, and three have a negative one.Novelty: The article’s value is that the authors created a composite cultural index for research on sustainable development and expanded the results presented by other authors.

Research background: The fact that all resources are not infinite and the needs of society are steadily increasing, new ways of producing, consuming and waste disposal should be adopted. A circular economy as a modern alternative to a linear economy became one of the priorities of the European Union in order to create a modern, resource-efficient and competitive system.

This model describes the heat equation in 3D domains, and this problem is reduced to a hybrid dimension problem, keeping the initial dimension only in some parts and reducing it to one-dimensional equation within the domains in some distance from the base regions. Such mathematical models are typical in industrial installations such as pipelines. Our aim is to add two additional improvements into this methodology. First, the economical ADI type finite volume scheme is constructed to solve the non-classical heat conduction problem. Special interface conditions are defined between 3D and 1D parts. It is proved that the ADI scheme is unconditionally stable. Second, the parallel factorization algorithm is proposed to solve the obtained systems of discrete equations. Due to both modifications the run-time of computations is reduced essentially. Results of computational experiments confirm the theoretical error analysis and scalability estimates of the parallel algorithm.

The discharge of wastewater containing heavy metals into waterbodies is a major environmental issue that can influence the quality of the water supply; therefore, it is important to remove the pollutants dangerous to living organisms. The adsorption of copper (II) ions on modified wheat bran was investigated with respect to initial solution pH (2.0-7.0), contact time (5-120 min), adsorbent mass (0.5 g and 1.0 g), and initial metal ion concentration (2.0-20 mg/L). The optimum adsorption conditions were found to be at pH 5.0 and a contact time of 60 min with an adsorbent mass of 1.0 g where the maximum efficiency was recorded as 84.5 %. The adsorption uptake (in mg/g) of copper (II) ions slowly reached equilibrium in around 30 min and this amount was 0.30 mg/g using an adsorbent mass of 0.5 g. The adsorption uptake of copper (II) ions decreased with increasing mass of adsorbent and the adsorption efficiency (in %) increased with increasing mass of adsorbent. The experimental results were described using the Langmuir and Freundlich models, with the Langmuir model fitting better than the Freundlich model. The maximum modelled adsorption capacity was 4.24 mg/g and the modelled specific surface area of modified wheat bran was 6.36 m2. It was observed that the adsorption of copper (II) ions on modified wheat bran is efficient and suitable, therefore modified wheat bran is a relatively good adsorbent for the removal of copper (II) ions from polluted water compared to other agricultural adsorbents.