Pavojingų krovinių vežimo maršrutų parinkimo metodai ir jų taikymas Lietuvoje

Abstract

Many countries in the world apply various safety measures with one main aim - to reduce the risk of dangerous goods transportation. One of these methods is routing. Routing lets to reduce the risk in three ways: carriers have to use relatively safe roads; by controlling routes, it is possible to decrease the consequences of accidents; establishment of routes enables rescue services to concentrate forces and useful equipment in the most dangerous and sensitive sectors and to create precise plans of emergency. The risk of an accident could be calculated as the probability multiplied by consequences and divided by the capacity of response to an accident. This formula gives us only an approximate assessment of a real situation but it shows one common method. By using this method we can compare different routes of dangerous goods transportation. In this article five main risk factors are distinquished. They are as follows: probability of an accident, exposed population, an exposed environment, an exposed property and intervention capacity. This method allows the user to choose the degree of calculating precision. Moreover, the results for various routes are easily compared. The user can employ this method not only for one transport mode but for all of them. However, this method of routing has some shortcomings. The essential shortcoming is that this method is highly complicated. It requires numerous and precise data. To improve this method the user needs to make some modifications. The criterion must be clearly defined and strictly determined with the aim of avoiding differences in their assessment; the data have to be collected systematically; the risk assessment has to be carried out periodically and decisions should be as simple as possible. Then the method of routing could be useful not only in Lithuania but in other countries as well.