Urbanizuotų miesto teritorijų zonavimas transporto ir aplinkosauginiu požiūriu

Negative impact of exhaust gas emissions of traffic for the environment is different in various urban zones. This can be explained by different technical, economic, architectural, urban and demographic indexes. Therefore, when estimating the losses caused by negative impact of traffic the coefficient s is used(in formula 1). This coefficient evaluates the type of territory in which traffic produces gaseous emissions. Investigations were carried out in the cities of Vilnius, Kaunas, Palanga and Klaipėda in order to calculate the coefficient s for different urban zones of the Lithuanian cities. Facades of buildings, corrosion of metallic constructions of industrial and public buildings were inventoried. After determining the costs for the maintenance of buildings, losses for industry, municipal economy, urban green plantations were calculated according to the prises of January 1, 1997. The losses due to increased sickness rate of inhabitants are calculated according to the methods applied in Germany and Ukraine, and on the basis of average expenses for medical treatment in Lithuania. After the data processing and analysis, ten types of urban territories were defined. The coefficient s was calculated for each type of urban territories. The figures of the coefficient s are presented in Table 3. It is necessary to calculate the whole amount of transport gaseous emissions in order to evaluate the pollution of different urban zones by the total gaseous emission. As the impact of different components of transport gaseous emissions on the environment as well as the danger differ significantly, in calculating the losses due to environmental pollution by transport gaseous emissions, the index A is evaluated for different danger levels of separate emission components. For analysing the impact of transport gaseous emissions on the environment, 7 main gas components are usually used the figures of which are taken from Table 4 [5]. The quantities of. transport exhaust gas emission per year are calculated additionally for annual transport flows, evaluating the longitudinal gradient, speed, traffic control at crossings, the structure of traffic flows [4, 5]. The quantity of exhaust gas emission of a corresponding passenger car unit (PCU) for 1 km street segment was determined by experimental methods and recounted for actual urban conditions in Lithuania, evaluating the structure of transport flows for the year 1996. This figure was calculated taking into account an average flow speed of 40km/ph. The figures of the coefficient s for different urban zones were used for an ecologic evaluation of the urban development planning of the towns of Anykščiai, Rokiškis and Utena. The proposed territorial zoning will be used for designing multipurpose co-ordinated traffic control systems, including estimated negative impact of transport. When designing optimum co-ordinated traffic control systems, it is very important to know which urban territories are sensitive to environmental pollution by transport exhaust gas emission. Therefore, stopping of transport flows is particularly undesirable in the territories of hospitals, sanatoria. A special programme DUJNUOST based on the programme MATHCAD6 has been made for analytical calculations in order to facilitate estimation of the losses caused by the negative impact of traffic flows in different streets. By this programme it is possible to count the annual losses for various urban zones and different traffic flows.