Moralinės ydos ir istorijos raida

Abstract

The development of philosophy as of a science was completed un the midst of XIX century. From then all essential problems can be analysed only using old philosophical systems as well as newer achievements of positive sciences. At present time right liberalisms's idea is regenerated, that human vices are proper motive power for the progress of economics. In fact, it repeats theory of English philosopher B.Mandeville (1705,1723). But the real price of it is ignored - bloody colonial wars and emergenece of proletariat in England Aristoteles as Well as another antique thinkers regarded morality and amorality as dependent on our will. This fact have manifested itself in history as public contract theory (T.Hobbes, T.Payne etc.) and practice (the establishment of English colonies in America, English revolutions of XVII cent, the foundation of USA). Egoism and mutual hostility have been suppressed there for the sake of common matter (respublica) by establishing of institutions, expressing a collective will and reason. An absolute identifying of governing boby with collective will and reason (J.J.Rousseau, M.Robespierre) is nevertheless inappropriate, because any collective consists of persons. Even more theories of determination of immoral, irresponsible will arosed during XIX cent. But it is just cognized social determinism which, unlike natural one, gives in to be replaced by conscious collective will. Modem humanity tries to do it the form of UNO activity, of vital efforts to regulate world economy, to improve international law etc. Wicked, objectively not determined will resists it, but it ought and can be subdued.